Furthermore, Ala deceased the density of cardiac fibrosis, as assessed by Masson and Sirius red staining; reduced expression of fibrotic proteins, including connective tissue growth factor, collagen I (COL1A1) and matrix metalloproteinase 9, was also observed.
Our results showed that ellagic acid significantly reduced protein expression of HDAC1, mRNA expression of collagen I, collagen III, MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the area of cardiac fibrosis in MI rats.
However, it remains unclear whether miR-21 was involved in the mechanism of cardiac fibrosis with DN by target MMP-9 and ARB ameliorates cardiac fibrosis partly by inhibiting miR-21 expression.
And more, rutin observably mitigated fibrosis related genes [matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9)] expression in the heart to prevent against LPS-induced cardiac fibrosis.
In conclusion, while STAT3 regulates matrix metalloproteinase-9 and connective tissue growth factor expression in diabetic rats with cardiac fibrosis, cryptotanshinone inhibited fibrosis to improve cardiac function by suppressing the STAT3 pathway.
We hypothesize that the early induction of MMP-9 is a key regulator for modulating intracellular signaling through activation of PAR and various downstream events which are implicated in development of cardiac fibrosis in an extracellular receptor mediated kinase-1 (ERK-1) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) dependent manner.