For the SCQ, increased MCP-1 (a chemokine that is upregulated in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines) was associated with fewer ASD symptoms (B = - 0.40; 95% CI = - 0.72, - 0.09).
The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the methylation of six apoptosis‑associated genes [transforming growth factor β 1 (TGFB1), BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator, insulin like growth factor binding protein 3, protein kinase C β 1, presenilin 2 and C‑C motif chemokine ligand 2] and ASD.
Conversely, mothers of children with either ASD-noID or with DD had significantly lower levels of the chemokines IL-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 compared with mothers of GP controls.