The results indicated that hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (also known as Kidney Injury Molecule-1, KIM-1), lipocalin 2 (also known as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, NGAL), SRY-box 9, WAP four-disulfide core domain 2, and NK6 homeobox 2 were differentially expressed in CKD.
Since an activated TNF system, as demonstrated by elevated sTNF-R2, and elevated uric acid were recently implicated in an elevated CKD risk, we conclude that inflammation could play an important role in the pathogenesis of CKD, and that lipocalin 2 is a potential universal marker for impaired kidney function.
Urine periostin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at a cutoff of 32.66 pg/mg creatinine demonstrated sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing patients with CKD from healthy people (92.3 and 95.0%, respectively) comparing favorably with urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin.