<b>Areas covered</b>: This review focuses on those tested in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of CKD in diabetic patients, including renin-angiotensin system blockers, aldosterone antagonists, calcium channel blockers, TGF-β inhibitors, protein kinase C inhibitors, advanced glycation end products inhibitors, GLP-1 analogues, DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, endothelin receptor antagonists, and so on.
<b>Conclusion</b>: Elevated circulating OPG levels independently predict an increased risk of all-cause mortality in patients with CKD, especially in the HD only population.
<b>Conclusion:</b> Lower risk of eGFR decrease over 40% and AKI-related hospitalization was found in all SGLT2 inhibitor users across the different CKD stages.
<b>Methods</b>: The mice model of VAN drives AKI to CKD was developed to investigate the role and molecular mechanism of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).
<b>Methods:</b> We use our multiparametric renal MRI protocol to provide (1) a comprehensive set of MRI parameters [renal artery and vein blood flow, perfusion, T<sub>1</sub>, T<sub>2</sub><sup>*</sup>, diffusion (ADC, D, D<sup>*</sup>, f<sub>p</sub>), and total kidney volume] in a large cohort of healthy participants (127 participants with mean age of 41 ± 19 years) and show the MR field strength (1.5 T vs. 3 T) dependence of T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub><sup>*</sup> relaxation times; (2) the repeatability of multiparametric MRI measures in 11 healthy participants; (3) changes in MRI measures in response to hypercapnic and hyperoxic modulations in six healthy participants; and (4) pilot data showing the application of the multiparametric protocol in 11 patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).
<b>Methods:</b> We use our multiparametric renal MRI protocol to provide (1) a comprehensive set of MRI parameters [renal artery and vein blood flow, perfusion, T<sub>1</sub>, T<sub>2</sub><sup>*</sup>, diffusion (ADC, D, D<sup>*</sup>, f<sub>p</sub>), and total kidney volume] in a large cohort of healthy participants (127 participants with mean age of 41 ± 19 years) and show the MR field strength (1.5 T vs. 3 T) dependence of T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub><sup>*</sup> relaxation times; (2) the repeatability of multiparametric MRI measures in 11 healthy participants; (3) changes in MRI measures in response to hypercapnic and hyperoxic modulations in six healthy participants; and (4) pilot data showing the application of the multiparametric protocol in 11 patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).
<b>Objective:</b> The present study assesses whether phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitor or carnitine exert nephroprotective effects against clinical contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN).<b>Materials and Methods:</b> The present study consisted of three groups of CKD patients.
(1) The incidence of CKD using Cox regression and (2) the course of kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] and 24-hour albuminuria) over 5 visits using generalized estimating equation analysis adjusted for age, mean arterial pressure, and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade.
(2) We also examined the effect of olmesartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, on 5XFAD mice with CKD to elucidate the potential involvement of angiotensin II.
102 TBMN patients with three known COL4 mutations and 45 CFHR5 male patients with a single mutation were categorized as "Mild" or "Severe", based on the presence of microhematuria only, or proteinuria and chronic kidney disease.