We hypothesize that IV iron leads to changes in oxidative stress, endothelial function, and potential renal damage depending on the iron formulation (related to the generation of "free" or catalytic labile iron) and this may result in more tubular and glomerular injury manifested as increased proteinuria and raised neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Urine and blood samples were collected before and at the following time sequence: 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 120 h after the contrast administration, for creatinine and NGAL determination.<b>Results:</b> Pretreated with N-acetyl-L-cysteine prior to administration of contrast media (CM) to CKD patients caused a significant increase in urinary but not of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and serum creatinine (SCr).
Significant statistical differences (p < 0.05) were observed for cystatin C and lipocalin-2 in plasma levels, for β2M and serum creatinine levels and by estimated glomerular filtration rate when compared FD patients and control group with CKD and for proteinuria and microalbuminuria in urine samples and for lipocalin-2 in plasma levels when compared FD patients and control group without CKD.
Different from serum and urine levels of KIM-1 that increased at acute phase of IRI then declined gradually in chronic phase, NGAL increased continuously during AKI-to-CKD transition.
Serum and urinary levels of creatinine, CysC, and NGAL were estimated in 86 renal patients and compared with healthy controls for AKI and CKD categorization.
None of the biomarker concentrations were associated with CKD or hypertension at 5 years of follow-up, although CKD and hypertension were associated with a higher proportion of participants with abnormal NGAL levels.
Also, serum Cystatin-C (Cys-C) and neutrophil-gelatinase-associated Lipocalin (NGAL) were determined as novel markers aiming at early and accurate detection of CKD in BL survivors.
This review presents some new possible biomarkers in the diagnosis of CKD and in the prediction of outcome, including asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), uromodulin, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), miRNA, ncRNA, and lincRNA biomarkers and proteomic and metabolomic biomarkers.
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) fails as an early predictor of contrast induced nephropathy in chronic kidney disease (ANTI-CI-AKI study).
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a protein with bacteriostatic functions rapidly excreted from stimulated or damaged epithelial cells, is elevated in acute and chronic kidney disease.
We now review the potential role of kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)/lipocalin 2 as biomarkers for kidney or cardiovascular outcomes in CKD patients.