The receptor for AGEs, RAGE, is important in development of CKD, but its interaction with AGEs in vivo remains enigmatic; other ligands and ternary complexation may be influential.
The relative quantity of S100A12 mRNA was significantly greater in leukocytes from CKD patients than in those from healthy subjects [mean (95% confidence interval of the mean): 3.1 (2.2-3.9) vs. 1.2 (0.8-1.7), p = 0.0001], however that of RAGE mRNA was not.