TLR4 deficiency ameliorated renal dysfunction (serum BUN and creatinine) and tubular endothelial apoptosis determined by immunofluorescence staining of CD31 and TUNEL, and western blot of apoptotic protein (caspase-3, c-caspase-3, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio).
The purpose of this review is to describe the basis for how ligand binding to TLR4 has the potential to cause renal dysfunction and the mechanisms by which this may take place in gram-negative sepsis.