<b>Abbreviations</b>: AAAIR: Average Annual Age-Adjusted Incidence Rate; AI/AN: American Indian or Alaska Native; API: Asian or Pacific Islander; CBTRUS: Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States; CUMC: Columbia University Medical Center; EOR: Extent of Resection; Exc: Excluded; GBM: Glioblastoma; GTR: Gross Total Resection; IDH-1: Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1; MGMT: O6-Methylguanine DNA Methyltransferase; NCDB: National Cancer Database; OS: Overall Survival; O/U: Other/Unknown; PFS: Progression-Free Survival; SEER: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results; S&W BTR: Scott & White Brain Tumor Registry; UCLA: University of California Los Angeles; UM: University of Miami.
<b>Background:</b> Wnt5a is a nontransforming Wnt family member and identified as an oncogenic role on cell motility of breast cancer and glioblastoma.
<b>Conclusion</b>: MTBP regulates the cell survival and treatment sensitivity of TP53wt GBMs through MDM2-dependent post-translational modification of p53.
<b>Conclusion:</b> GDF15 might be a novel regulator of PD-L1 expression in GBMs; targeting GDF15/PD-L1 pathway might be a promising therapeutic approach for GBM patients.
<b>Conclusion:</b> GDF15 might be a novel regulator of PD-L1 expression in GBMs; targeting GDF15/PD-L1 pathway might be a promising therapeutic approach for GBM patients.
<b>Conclusion:</b> High radiation doses to ipsilateral NSC and contralateral SVZ could have a negative impact on overall survival in IDH-wild-type glioblastoma population.
<b>Conclusion:</b> High radiation doses to ipsilateral NSC and contralateral SVZ could have a negative impact on overall survival in IDH-wild-type glioblastoma population.