Functional analyzes show that the immune-profile of PCa compared to BPH control samples is significantly enriched in features targeting Cellular assembly, Cell death and pathways involved in Cell cycle, translation, and assembly of proteins as EIF2 signaling, PCa related genes as AXIN1 and TP53, and ribosomal proteins (e.g.RPS10).
Needle biopsy samples with repeated benign diagnosis resemble BPH specimens taken by TURP in TP53 mutation frequency (TURP: 16.1%, needle biopsy: 21.2%) and later affliction by PCa (TURP: 3/32 = 9.4%, needle biopsy: 8/51 = 15.7%, p = 0.409).
To investigate this possibility, we have examined KAI1 mRNA (by in situ hybridisation) and p53 protein expression (by immunohistochemistry) as an indicator of wildtype or mutant p53, in a series of 77 paraffin-embedded prostate tissue samples, including post-mortem normal prostates (2), benign prostatic hyperplasia (10), localised cancer (grades 4-6, 25; grades 7-9, 21) and prostate-derived bony metastases (19).
The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of IFN-gamma and its receptor components (IFN-gamma-Ralpha and IFN-gamma-Rbeta) in normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic cancer (PC), as well as the possible relationship between this factor and the products of the p53 gene (the wild and mutant forms) and the oncogene c-myc, by means of immunochemical techniques (Western blot, ELISA, and quantification of immunostaining in histological sections).
TGGE screening of 153 BPH samples identified 29 specimens with Tp53 mutations (5 in exon 5, 11 in exon 6, 12 in exon 7, 3 in exon 8; 1 tissue sample showed mutations in 3 exons at a time).
Epithelial cell cultures derived from benign prostatic hyperplasia and a primary prostatic adenocarcinoma also failed to accumulate p53 in response to ionizing radiation.