Moreover, the stomach tissue of the CIP-treated group showed increased levels of oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and decreased activities of antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase) and non-antioxidant (reduced glutathione) enzymes.
A similar inhibitory trend was also found in soil neutral phosphatase activity in the combined treatment at high concentration compared to that at low concentration, but the activity of soil catalase was enhanced in the early stages of the KM or CIP treatments.