The PON1 is exclusively associated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and its antioxidant activity is largely attributed to PON1 located on it.At present, PON1 status i.e. its activity and concentration, is considered to be more important than polymorphism alone, in prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD).
We tested the clinical relevance of the PON1Q192R genotype in a population of individuals with coronary artery disease who underwent stent implantation and received clopidogrel therapy.
PON1 gene polymorphisms have been found to be associated with the variations in serum PON1 levels and activities, and with the risk for coronary artery disease (CAD).
Significant correlations between diabetes mellitus and paraoxonase activity (<i>R =</i> ⁻0.264, <i>p =</i> 0.026) and between the premature coronary heart disease in family history and PON1 activity (<i>R =</i> ⁻0.293, <i>p =</i> 0.013) were found.
Paraoxonase (PON) is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated enzyme involved in preventing the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and an association has been shown between two genetic polymorphisms in PON1 and the risk of coronary artery disease.
Three polymorphisms in the PON1 (Leu55Met and Gln192Arg) and PON2 (Ser311Cys) genes have been shown to be associated with the risk of CAD in several European or European-derived populations.
Recently two homologues of PON1 - PON2 and PON3 - were identified and Sanghera et al. demonstrated C/S311 polymorphism at PON2 was associated with the risk of CAD.
The CAD patient had more LM genotype and M allele of PON1 55Met/Leu(24.8% vs 1.4%, P< 0.001 and 12.4% vs 0.5%, P was 0.001 respectively), GG and AG genotype and G allele of PON2 148 Ala/Gly(11.8% vs 5.0%, P< 0.001; 48.1% vs 24.0%, P< 0.001 and 36.0% vs 17.0%, P< 0.001 respectively) than control did.
This review is focused on the role of PON1 status in different atherosclerosis-related diseases that we have studied over the last twenty years (coronary heart disease, acute ischemic stroke, diabetes mellitus type 2, end-stage renal disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and sarcoidosis) with the aim to determine the true value of PON1 as a biomarker.
The aim of the study is to ascertain the prevalence of PON1Q192R polymorphism in male and female subjects with and without CAD along with its influence on ApoA-I and ApoB levels in Asian Indians.
The combined PON1 55/192 and MMP-3 5A/6A genetic variants are associated with CAD; PON1 seems to be connected with the number of diseased vessels, and hypertension and hyperlipidemia are related with PON1 192 and MMP-3 in CAD patients.
We found a significant association between the PON1-Arg-192 genotype (QR + RR) and the extent of CAD in CAD patients and CAD subjects without diabetes, represented by the increased frequency of three-vessel disease with OR = 1.49, P = 0.046; χ2 = 3.82, P = 0.048 and OR = 1.46, P = 0.05; χ2 = 3.48, P = 0.051, respectively.
PON1 and PON2 have attracted considerable attention as candidate genes for coronary heart disease because their enzymes function as key factors in lipoprotein catabolism pathways.
Effects of cytochrome P450 2C19 and paraoxonase 1 polymorphisms on antiplatelet response to clopidogrel therapy in patients with coronary artery disease.
A common polymorphism of the PON1 gene, the PON1-192 genetic polymorphism, modulates PON1 activity and has been related in some studies to coronary heart disease.