Altered differentiation of HIV-specific CD45RO(+)/CCR7(-) (TemRO) CD8(+) effector-memory T cells into CD45RA(+)/CCR7(-) (TemRA) CD8(+) effector-memory T cells as well as increased expression of the senescence marker CD57 has been frequently observed HIV-1 infection, but the structural relationship between clonal expansion and T-cell differentiation has not been defined.