Our data provide evidence that leptin-mediated OPN upregulation promote T<sub>H</sub>2 inflammation in AR and this process is achieved through the α4 integrin and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.
Our study suggests that MRPL4 and BCAP, key components of the HIF-1α and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways respectively, are two novel candidate genes for atopy and allergic rhinitis.