The findings were correlated with final pathologic stage at subsequent prostatectomy, preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen level and further development of metastases during an initial 2.4-yr mean clinical follow-up period (range 0.5 to 5.5 yr).
Within the subgroup of patients with distant metastases, positivity was observed in six of 16 patients (38%) with normal or undetectable PSA levels after hormonal therapy and, overall, in 37% of patients (21 of 57) with androgen-independent disease.
Patients were considered to have clinically evident disease progression based on local recurrence (8%), distant metastases (4%) and/or an isolated elevation of serum prostate specific antigen (87%).
Positive RT-PCR assay results correlated significantly with skeletal metastases and elevated levels of serum PSA but they did not significantly improve our ability to identify prospectively patients with extracapsular extension over traditional predictors (serum PSA, Gleason score).
Patients with a rising serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and biopsy confirmation of local recurrence of prostate cancer without evidence of metastases one or more years after definitive irradiation therapy were eligible for the trial.
It has been suggested that PSA may contribute to tumor metastasis through degradation of extracellular matrix glycoproteins, as well as cleavage of IGF binding protein-3, a modulator of IGF-1.
There was an association with SRD5A2 V89L LL genotype and metastases at the time of diagnosis, OR 5.67 (95% CI 1.44-22.30) when adjusted for age, differentiation grade, T-stage and prostate specific antigen.
Although IHC-PSA/IHC-Cytokeratin and IHC-hK2 were more specific for identifying patients who would suffer biochemical progression and develop metastases and who would ultimately die of prostate cancer, RT-PCR-hK2 was more sensitive and accurate.
Hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) encompasses a wide spectrum of patients, including patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA)--only disease, those with increasing PSA levels yet stable metastatic disease, and those with increasing PSA levels and objective evidence of progressive metastases.
Radical prostatectomy specimens and tissue microarrays from transurethral resections and metastases were analyzed for CRISP-3 and PSA by immunohistochemistry.
A single-institution phase I/II trial was done in hormone therapy-naïve patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) relapse following radical prostatectomy and absence of radiologic metastases.
The risk of prostate cancer development, the PSA level and tumor metastasis may be associated with genetic variation in the ACE I/D genotypes which may be used as an important biomarker for further studies.
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence in 95 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy and survival in 99 patients with metastases at diagnosis were analyzed to evaluate the influence of the polymorphism in cancer progression.
The mean AR density in the hot spots of different histological areas within the same sections were compared and the correlation of malignant epithelial AR density with clinicopathological parameters such as Gleason score, tumor, nodes and metastases (TNM) stage and pre-treatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value was assessed.
PSA recurrence in 76 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy and survival in 59 patients with metastases at diagnosis were analyzed to evaluate the influence of Mel-18 expression in cancer progression using Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis.
Prostate cancer progression was defined as biochemical recurrence based on posttreatment prostate-specific antigen levels of >0.3 ng/mL for radical prostatectomy patients or a 2-ng/mL increase above the nadir for radiation therapy patients, initiation of hormone treatment, or metastases.
MMP-9 and pIκBα(ser32/36) expression significantly associated with metastases at recurrence and were independent of Gleason sum and prostate-specific antigen at recurrence.
In specimens of human prostate (28 normals, 99 primary tumors and 13 metastases), lower miRNA levels correlated significantly with a higher incidence of metastatic events and higher prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels, with similar trends observed for lymph node invasion and the Gleason score.
MTC02 expression was associated with advanced pathological tumor stage, high Gleason score, nodal metastases (p < 0.0001 each), positive surgical margins (p = 0.0005), and early PSA recurrence (p < 0.0001) if all cancers were jointly analyzed.
An interesting dichotomy for CHD8 was observed within primary cancers, with higher nuclear protein expression associated with adverse clinical outcomes including extracapsular extension (P = .007), presence of metastases (P = .025) and worse PSA-recurrence free survival (P = .048).