Displacement loop instability occurred significantly more frequently in lymph node metastases and distant metastases of patients with early colorectal cancer onset age <60 years ( p = 0.0122 and p = 0.0129), was found with a significant high rate in a small cohort of TP53-mutated distant metastases ( p = 0.0418), and was associated with TP53 wild-type status of primary tumors ( p = 0.0009), but did not correlate with KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, or PIK3CA mutations.
Furthermore, the presence of the BRAF <sup>V600E</sup> mutation was found to be associated with a patient age at diagnosis of less than ten years (P=0.011), the performance of a thyroidectomy (P=0.03), exhibited tumor multifocality (P=0.02) and/or extra-thyroidal invasion (P=0.003), and both a low MACIS (Metastases, Age, Completeness of resection, Invasion, Size)(P=0.036) and AMES (Age, Metastasis, Extent of tumor, Size)(P=0.001) score.
In the group of patients with PTCs, we found a high frequency of TERTp mutations and a low frequency of BRAF mutations in distant metastases, in comparison with the paired primary tumors.
In conclusion, a high concordance of KRAS/BRAF mutation status and MSI status was observed between primary CRC and corresponding metastases in this study.
Patient-derived cultures of the BRAF mutant/NRAS wild type and BRAF wild type/NRAS mutant metastases showed more homogeneous single-cell gene expression patterns with gene expression modules for proliferation and ABC transporters.
Therefore, we established a large collection of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), derived from BRAF(V600E), NRAS(Q61), or BRAF(WT)/NRAS(WT) melanoma metastases prior to treatment with BRAF inhibitor and after resistance had occurred.
We investigate the effect of radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy on the clinical outcome in PTC patients with the BRAF(V600E) mutation without distant metastases.
In the context of metastatic PTC with SCC dedifferentiation, the presence of the identical BRAF (V600E) (c.1799 T > A) mutation in both components might help rule out tumor to tumor metastasis.
With a median follow-up of 19.6 months, no structural or biochemical recurrence or metastases were found in patients with an isolated BRAF(K601E) mutation.
Discordance in BRAF mutation status was found only in four patients, involving all three patients in whom sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastases were sampled.
A BRAF mutation was found in 21 of 53 cases (40 %), significantly associated with tumor thickness and presence of metastases in the sentinel lymph node.
The role of both CXCR4 (a chemokine inducing cytoskeletal rearrangement and cell adhesion) and BRAF mutation have been studied in WDC (mainly papillary thyroid cancer and its variants), highlighting their critical role in tumor progression, local infiltration, and metastases.
Allele frequencies of BRAFV600 mutations in primary melanomas and matched metastases and their relevance for BRAF inhibitor therapy in metastatic melanoma.