We did not find any GATA3 or AR expression in the metastases from endometrial or salivary gland carcinomas, while GATA3 expression was seen in the majority of metastases from urothelial or breast carcinomas.
The progression from low-grade to high-grade prostate carcinoma and metastases is mediated by a selective down-regulation of the androgen receptor target genes that inhibit proliferation, induce differentiation, or mediate apoptosis.
Coexpression analyses showed an increase of the double-positive (AR<sup>+</sup> /ARv7<sup>+</sup> ) population in metastases compared to benign, and an increase of the double-negative population in PRCA samples compared to benign.
Body mass index (P = .023) and DACH1 (P = .034) were correlated with MBC prognosis, whereas the expression of AR (P = .049), SIX1 (P = .048), surgery (P < .001), and chemotherapy (P = .001) were important for FBC in addition to already known factors: tumor size and location, TNM stage (lymph nodes and organ metastasis), radiotherapy, and ER and human epidermalgrowth factor receptor-2 (HER2) expression.
ERα, PR and AR receptor status converted from positive in the primary tumor to negative in the effusion metastases or <i>vice versa</i> in 25-30%, 30-35% and 46-51% of cases for the 1% and 10% thresholds for positivity, respectively.
The mean AR density in the hot spots of different histological areas within the same sections were compared and the correlation of malignant epithelial AR density with clinicopathological parameters such as Gleason score, tumor, nodes and metastases (TNM) stage and pre-treatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value was assessed.
Androgen receptor (AR) is a validated drug target for prostate cancer based on its role in proliferation, survival, and metastases of prostate cancer cells.
Mutation profiling in mice provides direct evidence that somatic AR variants are selected by therapy, a finding validated in human metastases from distinct treatment groups.
To validate this hypothesis, we compared AR variants in metastases obtained by rapid autopsy of patients treated with flutamide or bicalutamide, or by excision of lymph node metastases from hormone-naïve patients.