Intra-patient heterogeneity was detected in 13.3% of patients for both BRAF and NRAS genes and was not associated with clinico-pathological characteristics of melanomas or metastases.
[68Ga]PSMA-11, which is the most frequently applied tracer, has shown to detect lymph node metastases, local recurrences, distant metastases and intraprostatic foci with high sensitivity, even at relatively low PSA levels.
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transformation growth factor-alpha (TGFalpha) are potent mitogens that regulate proliferation of prostate cancer cells via autocrine and paracrine loops, and promote tumor metastasis.
These data suggest that HPMC contribute to the development of metastases and the accumulation of malignant ascites due to the production of VEGF, especially in cancers that do not express enough amount of VEGF.
Over a 5-day treatment course, DCH fusion proteins induced significant inhibition of established pulmonary CT26-KSAmetastases in immune-competent Balb/c mice at low daily doses of 1 mug of fusion protein per mouse.
High p-AKT expression was observed in 10% of the normal gastric tissue and in 90% of GC, and it was significantly associated with tumor size (<i>p</i> < 0.001), T3/T4 tumors (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and presence of metastases (<i>p</i> = 0.02).
Activation of the ERBB PI3K/Akt pathway was positively correlated with a higher stage (p=0.001), higher grade (p=0.001), histological type II disease (p=0.0003) and metastases (p=0.02).
In a series of 5426 microarray cancer tissue cores obtained from 1040 GC/G-ECs (824 GC, 216 G-EC) and 720 synchronous nodal metastases, we evaluated both the performances of 2 different immunohistochemistry (IHC) protocols and the HER2 status intratumor variability.
Immunohistochemical expression was found for MMP-14 in all primary tumors as well as in all metastases and for MMP-2 expression in most of the samples.
We report the first correlation of Nm23 sequence and its tumor metastasis-suppressive capacity using site-directed mutagenesis and an in vitro tumor cell motility assay.
Moreover, expression of miR-21 in primary TAFs correlated with miR-21 in TAFs from patient-matched LN metastases; evidence that PDAC tumor cells induce TAFs to express miR-21. miR-21 expression in TAFs and TCs promotes invasion of TCs and is inhibited with anti-miR-21.
Three cycles of intravenous injection of EGFR-targeted NIS polyplexes followed by therapeutic application of 55.5 MBq <sup>131</sup>I resulted in marked delay in metastases spread, which was associated with improved animal survival.
Restoration of sFRP1 could inhibit the TGF-β1-induced EMT phenotype and tumor metastasis of the A549 cell line both in vitro and in vivo through inhibition of the Wnt pathway.
The status of the P16 gene was investigated by Southern blot, polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP), and DNA sequencing analyses in 30 primary resected non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs) with metastatic involvement of thoracic lymph nodes and 33 NSCLCs without node metastases.
AGS cells with CLEC2 knockdown had increased levels of phosphorylated AKT and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, increased expression of Snail, reduced levels of E-cadherin, and formed more metastases in mice than AGS cells that expressed CLEC2; these knockdown changes were prevented by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002.
Ezrin, one of the ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) protein family which act as membrane organizers and linkers between plasma membrane and cytoskeleton, has attracted much attention as a crucial factor for tumor metastasis.
Sequence analyses of complementary DNA containing the entire p53 gene open reading frame demonstrated abnormalities in one of five samples from primary tumors and in all five samples from metastases.