Protein studies is revealed that JIA FLS release pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, CXCL1, and CXCL6, and lose expression of important regulator signals, such as IL-10 and TIMP2.
Polymorphisms in promoter region of IL-4 but not IL-4RA genes confer susceptibility to JIA and may predispose individuals to adaptive immune responses.
Chemokine receptor CCR4 on CD4+ T cells in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid defines a subset of cells with increased IL-4:IFN-gamma mRNA ratios.
Contrasting cytokine profiles in the synovium of different forms of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile spondyloarthropathy: prominence of interleukin 4 in restricted disease.