The subjects carrying the minor C allele of c.3794T>C or the minor A allele of c.3819G>A exhibited a decreased risk of sPD. c.3824T>G negatively affected the binding affinity of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). c.3794T>C increased the surface area exposed to substrates. c.3819G>A most likely reduced the expression level of GAK.
Consistent with this observation, Hsp70 levels remain unaltered in brains from parkin-deficient autosomal recessive, juvenile-onset parkinsonism subjects, whereas alternatively, Hsp70 levels are elevated in the detergent-insoluble fraction of sporadic Parkinson's disease/dementia with Lewy bodies brains.