Little or no signal could be observed in neuroblastoma cell lines (IMR32, LAN-1) or the pheochromocytoma cell line PC12, emphasizing the glial character of this factor.
A rare case of juvenile hypertension: coexistence of type 2 multiple endocrine neoplasia -related bilateral pheochromocytoma and reninoma in a young patient with ACE gene polymorphism.
Among all the receptors of these peptides that were analyzed, only the AM receptor RDC1 displayed a differential expression between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas.
PCC-derived exosomes stimulated the proliferation, migration, activation of ERK and Akt, the mRNA expression of α-smooth muscle actin (ACTA2) and fibrosis-related genes, and procollagen type I C-peptide production in PSCs.
The mean content of total catecholamine and the beta-actin mRNA expression in the pheochromocytomas were almost the same as those in the normal adrenal medullas.
Our findings support a possible role for PACAP in the regulation of expression of genes encoding catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes in intra-adrenal pheochromocytomas.
In addition, PACAP and its receptors have been described in neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma, and the neuropeptide regulates the differentiation and activity of sympathoadrenal-derived tumoral cell lines, suggestive of an important role in the pathophysiology of the sympathoadrenal lineage.
Here, we investigated the expression of trophic amidated peptides, including pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and adrenomedullin (AM), and their receptors in benign and malignant pheochromocytomas in order to assess their potential role in chromaffin cell tumorigenesis and malignant transformation.
mRNA expression of PACAP and its receptor VPAC1R were detected in many pheochromocytomas (24/30 and 29/30, respectively), but mRNA expression of the PAC1R and VPAC2R receptor subtypes were detected in only one of six extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas.
AdpR1 mRNA expression was significantly associated with the tumor tissue adrenaline content (p<0.005) in linear regression analysis, which suggest that adrenaline positively regulates AdpR1 mRNA expression.Serum total and HMW Adp levels in patients with NA-type pheochromocytomas were approximately 3 times higher than those of healthy volunteers.
AdipoR1 expression was significantly higher in cortical cancers (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and pheochromocytomas (<i>p</i> < 0.001) as compared to benign cortical tumors.
Our results indicate that serum total and HMW Adp, and AdpR1 gene expressions in pheochromocytoma tissue, are associated with the level of catecholamine produced in the tumor.
AdipoR2 expression was significantly higher in cortical carcinomas as compared to cortical adenomas and hyperplasia tumors (<i>p</i> = 0.01), and also significantly higher in pheochromocytomas in comparison to adrenocortical cancers (<i>p</i> = 0.004).
Here, we review the expression levels of NPY, PACAP, and AM and theirs receptors in chromaffin cells and pheochromocytomas, and address their possible implication in the adrenal medulla tumorigenesis and malignant development of pheochromocytomas.
By RNA blot analysis, human adrenomedullin mRNA was found to be highly expressed in several tissues including adrenal medulla, ventricle, lung and kidney as well as pheochromocytoma.
Adrenomedullin (AM) is a potent hypotensive peptide recently discovered from human pheochromocytoma tissue by its stimulating activity of platelet cAMP production.
Among all the receptors of these peptides that were analyzed, only the AM receptor RDC1 displayed a differential expression between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas.
Both protein kinase A- and C-dependent mechanisms regulate ADM mRNA expression in adrenocortical and pheochromocytoma cells supporting the suggested role for ADM as an autocrine or paracrine (or both) regulator of adrenal function.