Our findings suggest that the NF-κB, p38 MAPK, and PKC signal pathways are partially involved in the upregulation of KATP subunits Kir6.2/SUR1 expression induced by Aβ<sub>1-42</sub> cytotoxicity in neurons, which supports a potential theoretical basis of targeting these signal pathways in the treatment of AD.
In order to investigate the mechanism of reproductive toxicity, primary cultured rat Sertoli cells were exposed to 5, 15, or 30 μg/mL TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs for 24 h, and TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs internalization, expression of PKC (p-PKC) and p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK) as well as calcium homeostasis were examined.