In this study we defined the pathogenic effects of three DCM-causing mutations: the sarcomeric mutations in genes encoding cardiac troponin I (TNNI3<sub>p.98truncation</sub> ) and cardiac troponin T (TNNT2<sub>p.K217deletion</sub> ; also known as the p.K210del) and the non-sarcomeric gene mutation encoding lamin A/C (LMNA<sub>p.R331Q</sub> ).