Adolescent/young adult (AYA) ADHD and ODD severity measured at Wave 1, AYA delinquency measured at Wave 2, and school disciplinary actions combined from Waves 1 and 2 were explored as mediators of the association between childhood ADHD and lifetime maternal CS at Wave 3 using path analysis.
Additionally, controlling for Wave 1 ADHD symptoms and relevant covariates, Wave 1 Arithmetic uniquely mediated the association of birth weight with multi-method/informant Wave 2ADHD symptoms.
Controlling for parent ADHD symptoms as well as youth demographic factors and co-occurring externalizing symptoms, these genetic factors moderated the indirect effect from Wave 1 parenting to multi-method/informant Wave 2ADHD symptoms through Wave 1 neurocognitive functioning.
At baseline and again 2 years later (i.e., Wave 2), parents self-reported their ADHD and depression; parents and teachers also separately rated child ADHD and ODD, as well as broader attention and externalizing problems.
Stronger attunement was also associated with increases in children's depressive symptoms from Wave 1 to Wave 2, poorer psychosocial functioning at Wave 1, and ADHD symptoms at Wave 2.
Specifically, the number of 5-HTTLPR long alleles positively predicted CU traits and narcissism; narcissism was positively associated with Wave 2ADHD and ODD symptoms, whereas CU traits were positively associated with Wave 2ADHD.