Gene-environment interactions on the risk of esophageal cancer among Asian populations with the G48A polymorphism in the alcohol dehydrogenase-2 gene: a meta-analysis.
The increased total activity of alcohol dehydrogenase and class IV isoenzyme in the sera of patients with esophageal cancer probably can be caused by release of this isoenzyme from cancer cells or might be stimulated by alcohol drinking.
Inactive ALDH2 encoded by ALDH2*1/2*2 and the low-activity form of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)-2 encoded by ADH2*1/2*1 enhance the risk for esophageal cancer in Japanese light to heavy drinkers, a significant association that emphasizes the importance of screening tests for inactive ALDH2 based on alcohol flushing.