TERT, AKT1, PIK3CA, and EIF1AX were frequently co-mutated with driver genes (BRAF<sup>V600E</sup> and RAS) in advanced DTCs as well as ATC, but tumor suppressors (e.g., TP53 and CDKN2A) were predominantly altered in ATC.
The EIF1AX gene is a novel cancer gene that has been reported in the tumorigenesis of papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma, and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.
Mutations of EIF1AX, a component of the translational preinitiation complex, were markedly enriched in PDTCs and ATCs and had a striking pattern of co-occurrence with RAS mutations.