Therefore, FGF4 amplification in combination with clinical stage could be used as a relatively accurate predictor for the 5-year probability of death and recurrence for ESCC patients.
In the present study, the anti-cancer effects of GSE were demonstrated in three ESCC cell lines (HKESC-1, HKESC-2 and SLMT-1) by MTS and anchorage-independent clongen-icity assays, expression studies on oncogenes at 11q13 (CCND1, INT2, FGF4 and EMS1) and real-time quantitative telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay to show the inhibitory effect of GSE on telomerase in ESCC.
These results suggest that int-2/hst-1 coamplification is a new biological indicator of prognosis and distant organ metastasis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.