|
Alcoholic Intoxication, Chronic
|
0.310 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
There was no effect of GALR1 or GALR2 on alcoholism risk.
|
17083333 |
2007 |
|
Cocaine Dependence
|
0.310 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Thirteen SNPs showed association with cocaine addiction, including the synonymous SNPs rs237902, in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR), and rs5374 in GALR1.
|
24766650 |
2014 |
|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
group |
BEFREE |
In head and neck squamous carcinoma cells (HNSCC) with silenced GALR1 and GALR2, we showed that reexpressed GALR1 suppresses tumor cell proliferation via Erk1/2-mediated effects on cdk inhibitors and cyclin D1.
|
19276245 |
2009 |
|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
group |
BEFREE |
Recently, GALR1 was also suggested as a tumor suppressor gene that was frequently silenced in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; moreover, galanin and GALR1 were reported to inhibit human oral cancer cell proliferation.
|
29462183 |
2018 |
|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
AlteredExpression
|
group |
BEFREE |
Expression of GalR1 was relatively increased in most, whereas GalR2 was decreased in some tumors.
|
22889491 |
2012 |
|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
PosttranslationalModification
|
group |
BEFREE |
GALR2 methylation found in 31 of 100 (31.0%) tumor specimens was significantly correlated with the methylation status of both GALR1 and Galanin.
|
24122450 |
2014 |
|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
PosttranslationalModification
|
group |
BEFREE |
We generated methylation profiles of GAL and GALR1/2 in tumor samples obtained from 202 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); these included 43 hypopharynx, 42 larynx, 59 oral cavity, and 58 oropharynx tumor samples.
|
27685843 |
2017 |
|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
PosttranslationalModification
|
group |
BEFREE |
To determine if loss of heterozygosity and hypermethylation might silence the GALR1 gene, promoter methylation status and gene expression were assessed in a large panel of HNSCC cell lines and tumors.
|
19047085 |
2008 |
|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
group |
BEFREE |
The most frequent copy number alterations detected were losses of 18q12.2-qter (including the tumor suppressor genes DCC, SMAD4, and GALR1), 9p21.3 (including the tumor suppressor genes CDKN2A/B), 6q22.1-q23.1, and 8pter-p12.1, and gains of 8q24.3 (including the oncogene MAFA), 11q12.3-q13.2, 3q26.1-q28, 19p13.2-p13.11, and 8q11.1-q12.2 (including the oncogenes LYN, MOS, and PLAG1).
|
23018873 |
2013 |
|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
group |
BEFREE |
In the present study, it was demonstrated that the re‑expression of GALR1 in GALR1 and GALR2‑negative HNSCC cells suppresses tumor cell proliferation.
|
25017118 |
2014 |
|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
PosttranslationalModification
|
group |
BEFREE |
To determine the prognostic value of GAL, GALR1 and GALR2 methylation status, their associations with various clinical characteristics and patient survival were assessed in HNSCC patient tumors (n = 142).
|
26572146 |
2016 |
|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
group |
BEFREE |
Pharmacological analysis of tumor membrane homogenates with GAL and the specific GAL receptor GalR2 agonist, AR-M1896, revealed that the GAL receptor GalR1 is most likely the receptor responsible for the observed GAL binding in the glioblastomas.
|
12734662 |
2003 |
|
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
|
0.070 |
PosttranslationalModification
|
disease |
BEFREE |
The GALR1 promoter was fully or partially methylated in 38 of 72 (52.7%) HNSCC cell lines but not in the majority 18 of 20 (90.0%) of nonmalignant lines.
|
19047085 |
2008 |
|
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
|
0.070 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Galanin and its receptors, GALR1 and GALR2, are known tumor suppressors and potential therapeutic targets in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
|
24168112 |
2014 |
|
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
|
0.070 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
CpG hypermethylation is a likely mechanism of GAL and GALR1/2 gene inactivation, indicating that GAL and its receptors play a role in HNSCC tumorigenesis.
|
26572146 |
2016 |
|
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
|
0.070 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Recently, GALR1 was also suggested as a tumor suppressor gene that was frequently silenced in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; moreover, galanin and GALR1 were reported to inhibit human oral cancer cell proliferation.
|
29462183 |
2018 |
|
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
|
0.070 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
We detected frequent methylation of p16 (44%), RASSF1A (18%), E-cadherin (53%), H-cadherin (35%), MGMT (35%), DAPK (53%), DCC (42%), COL1A2 (44%), TAC1 (61%), SST (64%), and GALR1 (44%) in HNSCC.
|
27027429 |
2016 |
|
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
|
0.070 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
As such, GAL and GALR1/2 methylation status may serve as an important site-specific biomarker for prediction of clinical outcome in patients with HNSCC.
|
27685843 |
2017 |
|
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
|
0.070 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Galanin and its receptors, GALR1 and GALR2, are tumor suppressors and represent therapeutic targets in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
|
25017118 |
2014 |
|
Malignant Head and Neck Neoplasm
|
0.030 |
PosttranslationalModification
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Epigenetic inactivation of galanin and GALR1/2 is associated with early recurrence in head and neck cancer.
|
26572146 |
2016 |
|
Malignant Head and Neck Neoplasm
|
0.030 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Site-specific methylation patterns of the GAL and GALR1/2 genes in head and neck cancer: Potential utility as biomarkers for prognosis.
|
27685843 |
2017 |
|
Malignant Head and Neck Neoplasm
|
0.030 |
PosttranslationalModification
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Epigenetic inactivation of galanin receptor 1 in head and neck cancer.
|
19047085 |
2008 |
|
Head and Neck Carcinoma
|
0.030 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Site-specific methylation patterns of the GAL and GALR1/2 genes in head and neck cancer: Potential utility as biomarkers for prognosis.
|
27685843 |
2017 |
|
Head and Neck Carcinoma
|
0.030 |
PosttranslationalModification
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Epigenetic inactivation of galanin receptor 1 in head and neck cancer.
|
19047085 |
2008 |
|
Head and Neck Carcinoma
|
0.030 |
PosttranslationalModification
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Epigenetic inactivation of galanin and GALR1/2 is associated with early recurrence in head and neck cancer.
|
26572146 |
2016 |