Patients with severe influenza exhibited significantly lower numbers of effector memory CD8<sup>+</sup>CD26 <sup>high</sup> CD45RO<sup>+</sup>CCR7<sup>+</sup> phenotype and lower numbers of central memory CD8<sup>+</sup>CD<sup>26</sup><sup>high</sup> CD62L<sup>+</sup>CCR7<sup>+</sup>, CD26 <sup>high</sup> CD62L<sup>+</sup>CD127<sup>+</sup> or CD26 <sup>high</sup> CD45RO<sup>+</sup>CD57 <sup>low</sup> phenotypes than patients with mild influenza or unexposed healthy subjects.
In vaccinated volunteers, the expression of Granzyme A, Perforin and CD57 on influenza HLA A*02 M158-66 antigen specific cells was higher than non-vaccinated volunteers before and after challenge despite a similar frequency of antigen specific cells.
For example, aspartylglucosaminidase (AGA), PLA2, SIAT8B, GALNT7, or B3GAT1 metabolize chemical ligands to which the influenza virus, herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus (CMV), rubella, or Toxoplasma gondii bind.