Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist troglitazone inhibits high mobility group box 1 expression in endothelial cells via suppressing transcriptional activity of nuclear factor κB and activator protein 1.
The current study has revealed that HMGB-1 is elevated significantly in CKD patients and correlates with GFR as well as markers of inflammation and malnutrition.
In apoptotic cells, HMGB1 is bound firmly to chromatin because of generalized underacetylation of histone and is released in the extracellular medium (promoting inflammation) if chromatin deacetylation is prevented.