|
Neoplasm Metastasis
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
phenotype |
BEFREE |
To validate this hypothesis, we compared AR variants in metastases obtained by rapid autopsy of patients treated with flutamide or bicalutamide, or by excision of lymph node metastases from hormone-naïve patients.
|
19366804 |
2009 |
|
Neoplasm Metastasis
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
phenotype |
BEFREE |
Recent findings unmasked the importance of androgen receptor (AR) signaling in regulation of DNA repair, and alterations of the AR-DNA repair factor axis were shown to promote aggressive phenotypes including metastasis.
|
31629421 |
2019 |
|
Neoplasm Metastasis
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
phenotype |
BEFREE |
Single-stranded conformational polymorphism and sequencing analyses revealed AR missense mutations in 29% (4/14) of the primary tumors and in one (14%) metastasis.
|
14691288 |
2003 |
|
Neoplasm Metastasis
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
phenotype |
BEFREE |
Polymorphic variation in the androgen receptor gene: association with risk of testicular germ cell cancer and metastatic disease.
|
20880698 |
2011 |
|
Neoplasm Metastasis
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
phenotype |
BEFREE |
These areas include continued emphasis on the androgen receptor in the androgen-independent state, parallel growth pathways such as AKT and HER2 that may act in conjunction or independently of the androgen receptor, the supporting environment that allows for the development of metastatic disease, and standard cytotoxic targets, such as the microtubule.
|
16618385 |
2006 |
|
Neoplasm Metastasis
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
phenotype |
BEFREE |
Mutation profiling in mice provides direct evidence that somatic AR variants are selected by therapy, a finding validated in human metastases from distinct treatment groups.
|
21689727 |
2012 |
|
Neoplasm Metastasis
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
phenotype |
BEFREE |
The consequence of suppressing AR-F876L may then abrogate AR-F876L mediated CRPC cell proliferation and metastasis.
|
27233475 |
2016 |
|
Neoplasm Metastasis
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
phenotype |
BEFREE |
Androgen receptor variants occur frequently in castration resistant prostate cancer metastases.
|
22114732 |
2011 |
|
Neoplasm Metastasis
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
phenotype |
BEFREE |
Genetic drivers unique to metastasis were identified as somatic mutations in the estrogen and androgen receptor genes.
|
29480819 |
2018 |
|
Neoplasm Metastasis
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
phenotype |
BEFREE |
Lesions affecting tumour suppressor genes usually occur as single events, whereas mutations in genes involved in androgen receptor signalling commonly involve multiple, convergent events in different metastases.
|
25830880 |
2015 |
|
Neoplasm Metastasis
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
phenotype |
BEFREE |
In human mCRPC, both FASN and AR-FL were detected in 87% of metastases.
|
30578319 |
2019 |
|
Neoplasm Metastasis
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
phenotype |
BEFREE |
The frequency of androgen receptor mutations may be high in tumor metastases.
|
9225161 |
1997 |
|
Neoplasm Metastasis
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
phenotype |
BEFREE |
In this context, androgen receptor (AR) is the Achilles' heel, being critically important and various mechanisms ranging from receptor mutations to secondary signaling pathways are responsible for some of the biological heterogeneity, demanding a multimodal approach.
|
21626233 |
2012 |
|
Neoplasm Metastasis
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
phenotype |
BEFREE |
In the clinical situation, AR gene amplification and point mutations were reported in patients with metastatic disease.
|
12237244 |
2002 |
|
Neoplasm Metastasis
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
phenotype |
BEFREE |
These results demonstrate that a shorter CAG repeat sequence in the androgen receptor gene predicts higher grade and advanced stage of prostate cancer at diagnosis, and metastasis and mortality from the disease.
|
9096391 |
1997 |
|
Neoplasm Metastasis
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
phenotype |
BEFREE |
We report the detection of 2 different mutant ARs within the same metastatic tumour sample harvested in a patient with advanced PCa who had escaped androgen deprivation.
|
14618630 |
2004 |
|
Neoplasm Metastasis
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
phenotype |
BEFREE |
Genetic alterations of the androgen receptor gene are known in the advanced metastatic disease.
|
16033069 |
2005 |
|
Neoplasm Metastasis
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
phenotype |
BEFREE |
The assessment of AR status is generally performed on the primary tumor even if the tumor has already metastasized.
|
26552477 |
2015 |
|
Neoplasm Metastasis
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
phenotype |
BEFREE |
Together, our results demonstrate that AR can promote melanoma metastasis via altering the miRNA-539-3p/USP13/MITF/AXL signal and targeting this newly identified signal with AR degradation enhancer ASC-J9 may help us to better suppress the melanoma metastasis.
|
27869170 |
2017 |
|
Neoplasm Metastasis
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
phenotype |
BEFREE |
The phase III ARAMIS study shows that the androgen-receptor antagonist darolutamide delays metastasis in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer by a median of 22 months compared with a placebo.
|
30824428 |
2019 |
|
Neoplasm Metastasis
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
phenotype |
BEFREE |
However, the role of AR in PCa metastasis is not fully understood.
|
30142696 |
2018 |
|
Neoplasm Metastasis
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
phenotype |
BEFREE |
A second tumor-suppressive lncRNA PCAT29, located 20 kb downstream of DRAIC, is regulated identically by AR and FOXA1 and also suppresses cellular migration and metastasis.
|
25700553 |
2015 |
|
Neoplasm Metastasis
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
phenotype |
BEFREE |
This chapter discusses the mechanisms driving the therapeutic resistance of taxanes and antiandrogen therapies in CRPC, and the role of AR in potential interventions toward overcoming such resistance in patients with advanced metastatic disease.
|
26093899 |
2015 |
|
Neoplasm Metastasis
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
phenotype |
BEFREE |
Overexpression of oncogenic lncRNAs promotes tumor-cell proliferation and metastasis through chromatin looping and distal engagement with the androgen receptor, antisense gene regulation, alternative splicing, and impeding DNA repair.
|
24836411 |
2014 |
|
Neoplasm Metastasis
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
phenotype |
BEFREE |
Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is a critical survival pathway for prostate cancer cells, and androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) remains the principal treatment for patients with locally advanced and metastatic disease.
|
27720870 |
2016 |