On the other hand, the expression of human kallikrein 1-related peptidase (KLK) 4, which activates plasma HGF activator zymogen, in prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis or advanced stage has also been reported.
Several SNPs in very strong linkage disequilibrium in the KLK 6 region and located within the same haplotype (rs113640578, rs79324425, rs11666929, rs28384475, rs3810287), identified individuals at increased risk of aggressive PCa in both discovery (odds ratio [OR] = 3.51-3.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.01 to 6.36, P = 1.0x10 -5 -8.4x10 -6 ) and validation (OR = 1.89-1.96, 95% CI = 0.99 to 3.71, P = .04-.05) cohorts.
Tissue kallikrein, the oldest member and kinin-releasing enzyme, and KLK3/PSA, a tumor biomarker for prostate cancer are the most prominent components of the family.
The potential regulatory elements and high-frequency mutant genes (<i>RPS4Y2, KLK1, PKD1</i> and <i>FOLH1B</i>) may have key functions in prostate cancer.