Drusen area ≥ the median was independently associated with a higher number of risk alleles for CFH risk score and risk variants in C3 and ARMS2/HTRA1 compared with eyes with no measurable drusen.
Multivariate analyses identified a significant association in serum calcium level (odds ratio [OR] = 0.932, P = 1.05 × 10(-3)), ARMS2rs10490924" genes_norm="387715">A69S (rs10490924) genotype (OR = 1.046, P < 0.001), Chlamydia pneumoniae IgG (OR = 1.020, P = 0.0440), and age (OR = 1.013, P < 0.001) for large drusen.
Compared to healthy eyes, the CFH risk variant was more common in eyes with early as well as advanced drusen features, while the ARMS2 variant was only associated with advanced drusen.
Current smoking at baseline predicted higher reticular drusen incidence (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.0-4.5) after adjusting for age, sex, CFH-rs1061170 and ARMS2-rs10490924 polymorphisms.