Therefore, multi-core sampling (n = 6) of tumor tissue from three patients with breast cancer, followed by lipid (0.9- and 1.3-ppm signals) and metabolite quantification using HR MAS <sup>1</sup> H NMR, was performed, resulting in the quantification of 32 metabolites.
The fatty acid, phosphocholine, and choline variations observed by single-pulse HR-MAS NMR have the potential to characterize both responder and nonresponder tumors at a molecular level.
Metabonomic analysis using 1H Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonsance (MAS-NMR) spectroscopy, demonstrated increased abundance of taurine, isoglutamine, choline, lactate, phenylalanine and tyrosine and decreased levels of lipids and triglycerides in tumour relative to adjacent healthy tissue.
(13) C HR-MAS MRS was performed on the tumor samples and differences in the glucose/alanine (Glc/Ala), glucose/lactate (Glc/Lac) and alanine/lactate (Ala/Lac) ratios between the models were studied.
The mapped genes include three oncogenes (Fyn, Mas1, and Vav1), a tyrosine kinase gene (Syk), a tumor-associated antigen gene (Cd24), a growth factor receptor gene (Igf2r), the gene for an activator of c-fos/c-jun transcription factors (Apex), a transcription factor gene (Egr3), and several genes involved in steroid hormone metabolism and signaling (Esr2, Pgr, Cbg, Cyp17, and Cyp19).