High nm23-H1 and nm23-H2 expression was observed in cancerous areas of human bladder tissue (nm23-H1: p = 0.001, nm23-H2: p = 0.001) and bladder cancer cell lines (nm23-H1: p = 0.001, nm23-H2: p < 0.001) compared with that in normal bladder mucosa.
There was no significant difference in age, sex, stage, grading, DNA-ploidy and SPF distribution between patients with nm23-H1 positive bladder cancer and those with nm23-H1 negative tumours.
These findings overall suggest that nm23-H1 may play an important role in suppressing the early step of carcinogenesis and thus act as an invasion suppressor for human bladder cancer.