|
Breast Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Data obtained in experimental murine tumors and in clinical specimens of human breast cancer have suggested that the nm23 gene may function as a metastasis suppressor gene.
|
1356624 |
1992 |
|
Breast Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Although the numbers involved are still small, the correlation of nm23 expression with breast cancer outcome offers potential in using this system as a prognostic aid in clinical diagnosis of this disease.
|
1802402 |
1991 |
|
Breast Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Reduced RNA and/or protein levels corresponding to the murine nm23-1 and human nm23-H1 complementary DNA clones have been correlated with high tumor metastatic potential in several rodent model systems and human breast carcinomas.
|
1988104 |
1991 |
|
Breast Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
This study showed that nm23 expression in human breast cancer was associated with good prognosis and a lack of lymph node metastasis and suggests that the nm23 gene product may play an important role in suppressing the metastatic phenotype.
|
1994057 |
1991 |
|
Breast Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
The present study was designed to investigate whether nm23 RNA was detectable in human tumor tissue, and if it was differentially expressed. nm23 RNA levels in 27 human primary infiltrating ductal breast carcinomas were determined by using Northern blots or in situ hybridization.
|
2475243 |
1989 |
|
Breast Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Heterogeneous expression of nm23 gene product in noninvasive breast carcinoma.
|
7513249 |
1994 |
|
Breast Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Transfection of highly metastatic MDA-MB-435 human breast carcinoma cells with nm23-H1 cDNA resulted in a significant reduction in the metastatic potential in vivo.
|
7576999 |
1995 |
|
Breast Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Furthermore, in 6 cases of osteosarcoma and 1 case of Ewing's sarcoma, there was no clear tendency for a decrease of nm23 in the metastatic sites compared with primary sites, as reported in breast cancer.
|
7593131 |
1995 |
|
Breast Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Evaluation of the expression levels of nm23-H1 mRNA in primary breast cancer, benign breast disease, axillary lymph nodes and normal breast tissue.
|
7892043 |
1994 |
|
Breast Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Our results contradict the hypothesis concerning the possible role of NDP-K/nm23 as a metastatic suppressor gene in human breast cancer, but further studies using antibodies specific for NDP-K/nm23 subtypes are clearly indicated.
|
7931824 |
1994 |
|
Breast Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Expression of stromelysin-3 and nm23 in breast carcinoma and related tissues.
|
8026874 |
1994 |
|
Breast Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Oncogenes (c-erbB-2, c-myc, and some genes linked to the 11q13 lesion), tumor suppressor genes (retinoblastoma gene, p53) and an antimetastatic gene (nm23/nucleoside diphosphate kinase) play important roles in breast cancer progression.
|
8104920 |
1993 |
|
Breast Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Reduced expression of the nm23 gene has been correlated with high metastatic potential in rodent mammary tumors and human breast cancer.
|
8118821 |
1994 |
|
Breast Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
An acid-stable (nonhistidine) phosphorylation was identified on autophosphorylated purified recombinant Nm23 proteins and [32P]orthophosphate-labeled human breast carcinoma and murine melanoma Nm23.
|
8245015 |
1993 |
|
Breast Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Studies in human breast cancer have shown a significant inverse correlation between nm23 levels and nodal involvement/tumor recurrence.
|
8273382 |
1994 |
|
Breast Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Gene expression of nm23 has been investigated in number of tumors, including breast cancer, colon cancer, malignant melanoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
|
8293386 |
1994 |
|
Breast Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Finally, our data in melanoma and breast carcinoma transfection systems suggest that the biochemical mechanism of nm23 suppressive activity is likely not due to its nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity, association with GAP proteins, or secretion from cells.
|
8347849 |
1993 |
|
Breast Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
The expression of nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinase/nm23 has been reported to be inversely related to metastasizing potential of experimental cells and human breast cancer.
|
8383029 |
1993 |
|
Breast Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
A strong association has been observed between reduced expression of Nm23 gene and acquisition of metastatic behaviour in some tumour cells including breast cancer and melanoma, but not in others such as colon cancer, neuroblastoma, and cervical cancer.
|
8394105 |
1993 |
|
Breast Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
The data establish that nm23-H1 has functional suppressive effects on the tumor metastatic potential of a human breast carcinoma cell line, and suggest that it may regulate signal responsiveness in the colonization response.
|
8395676 |
1993 |
|
Breast Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
These findings also contrast with the demonstration of nm23 metastasis suppressor activity in murine melanoma and with the correlation of loss of nm23 expression in breast cancer with poor prognosis.
|
8418304 |
1993 |
|
Breast Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
The mechanism of nm23-dependent sensitivity to cisplatin is unknown, but was correlated with increased formation of interstrand DNA cross-links in nm23-H1 transfected breast carcinoma cells.
|
8674043 |
1996 |
|
Breast Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
The nm23-H1 gene, localized to chromosome 17q21-22, has been demonstrated in transfection experiments to significantly inhibit the metastatic potential of melanoma and breast carcinoma cell lines.
|
8854401 |
1996 |
|
Breast Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
NM23 gene expression in human breast carcinomas: loss of correlation with cell proliferation in the advanced phase of tumor progression.
|
9036878 |
1997 |
|
Breast Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
The relationship between the expression of nm23 protein and the metastatic potential of human breast carcinoma was analyzed in cell lines, xenografts, and in a retrospective lymph node negative breast carcinoma population.
|
9070493 |
1997 |