|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Furthermore, no effective targeted therapy has been developed for NRAS mutant tumors or in melanomas with as yet unknown driver mutations.
|
23420410 |
2013 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
CausalMutation
|
disease |
CLINVAR |
Combined targeting of MEK and PI3K/mTOR effector pathways is necessary to effectively inhibit NRAS mutant melanoma in vitro and in vivo.
|
23431193 |
2013 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutations in melanoma frequently co-occur with NRAS mutations.
|
30003571 |
2018 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
In conclusion, our findings show miRNA dysregulation in malignant melanoma and its relation to established molecular backgrounds of BRAF and NRAS oncogenic mutations.
|
20357817 |
2010 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
No mutations of the BRAF and NRAS genes were found in the melanoma.
|
19264228 |
2009 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
We found that the RICTOR locus is frequently amplified and overexpressed in melanoma and that RICTOR over-expression in NRAS-transformed melanocytes stimulates their clonogenicity, demonstrating that RICTOR amplification can cooperate with NRAS mutation to stimulate melanoma proliferation.
|
26356562 |
2015 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
No significant differences in the distribution of BRAF or NRAS mutations could be found between melanoma and associated nevi or between melanoma associated nevi and control nevi.
|
23861977 |
2013 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Mutations in the ras genes are key events in the process of carcinogenesis; in particular, point mutations in codon 61 of exon 2 of the N-ras gene occur frequently in cutaneous melanoma.
|
11886512 |
2001 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Melanoma onset and progression are associated with a high variety of activating mutations in the MAPK-pathway, most frequently involving BRAF (35-45%) and NRAS (15-25%) genes, but also c-KIT and PTEN.
|
31446019 |
2019 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
CausalMutation
|
disease |
CLINVAR |
Inhibition of Wee1, AKT, and CDK4 underlies the efficacy of the HSP90 inhibitor XL888 in an in vivo model of NRAS-mutant melanoma.
|
23538902 |
2013 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
In this study we observed a dominant role for the HGF/MET axis in mediating resistance to BRAF and MEK inhibitors in models of BRAFV600E and NRAS mutant melanoma.
|
28147313 |
2017 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Methods Patients with HNPCC with a diagnosis of MM were studied by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tumour tissue using antibodies to MLH1, MSH2, p16, beta-catenin and E-cadherin, and by direct sequencing of MMR genes on germline DNA, and BRAF and NRAS on somatic DNA extracted from MM.
|
18460031 |
2008 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
We analyzed exons 1, 11, and 15 of the BRAF gene and exons 1 and 2 of the N-ras gene for mutations in 38 metastatic melanomas by PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism and direct sequencing.
|
12960123 |
2003 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Whereas many studies have analyzed RAF and PI3K signaling in mutant NRAS melanoma, the role of RalGEF/Ral is understudied and TBK1 has not been examined.
|
24962318 |
2014 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
When compared to WT, multivariate analysis of melanoma-specific survival (MSS) identified NRAS mutations as an adverse prognostic factor [hazard ratio (HR) 2.96; P = 0.04] but not BRAF(V600E) mutations (HR 1.73; P = 0.23).
|
21615881 |
2011 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Selective MEK inhibitors have the ability to inhibit growth and induce cell death in BRAF- and NRAS-mutant melanoma cell lines.
|
28537004 |
2017 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
CTD_human |
Our analysis established NF1, encoding a negative regulator of RAS, as the third most frequently mutated gene in melanoma, after BRAF and NRAS.
|
26214590 |
2015 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
BRAF and NRAS mutations were more frequent in nodular and superficial spreading melanomas (P < 0.001).
|
25357015 |
2015 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Usp9x regulates Ets-1 ubiquitination and stability to control NRAS expression and tumorigenicity in melanoma.
|
28198367 |
2017 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
BRAF and NRAS mutations are predominant in melanoma and lead to overactivation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathways.
|
28543695 |
2017 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
N2/M2 lesions are characterized by inflammatory-type and AXL gene signatures with an equal distribution of wild-type and mutated BRAF and low prevalence of NRAS mutations in M2 melanomas.
|
29995873 |
2018 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
CausalMutation
|
disease |
CLINVAR |
Pharmacodynamic effects and mechanisms of resistance to vemurafenib in patients with metastatic melanoma.
|
23569304 |
2013 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Furthermore, we tested the impact of a second NRAS mutation in 7 BRAF inhibitor resistant early passage cell cultures on the selection of second line therapies.We observed a rapid monophyletic evolution of melanoma subpopulations in response to targeted therapy that was not observed in non-targeted therapy.
|
27791198 |
2016 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Both the melanomas harbor KIT mutation in approximately 15% of the cases; BRAF or NRAS mutation is found in approximately 10-15% of acral melanoma, but these mutations are less frequent in mucosal melanoma.
|
30675668 |
2019 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
In contrast the epithelial-like subtype of melanomas with wild-type N-RAS and B-RAF alleles displayed an effective G2 checkpoint but a significant defect in G1 checkpoint function.
|
17597816 |
2008 |