|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
HPO |
|
|
|
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
CausalMutation
|
disease |
CGI |
|
|
|
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
As an example, we detail the detection of a point mutation at codon 61 of the human N-ras gene in DNA from a formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded malignant melanoma specimen.
|
1918508 |
1991 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Mutational analysis of human NRAS genes in malignant melanoma: rapid methods for oligonucleotide hybridization and manual and automated direct sequencing of products generated by the polymerase chain reaction.
|
2278957 |
1990 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
CausalMutation
|
disease |
CLINVAR |
N-ras mutations in human cutaneous melanoma from sun-exposed body sites.
|
2674680 |
1989 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Each example of an activated ras gene showed a mutation at the 61st codon of the protein, with the exception of one melanoma which showed a mutation at codon 13 of the N-ras gene; (2) all the melanomas displaying an activated ras gene had a similar cell surface phenotype and appear to come from a similar phase of differentiation; (3) 5-6% of noncultured primary and metastatic melanomas have mutated ras genes; (4) no ras gene mutations were found in any precursor lesion, specifically normal nevi and dysplastic nevi; (5) immunoperoxidase analysis of paraffin-embedded specimens indicated no quantitative or qualitative alterations in p21 expression that correlate with tumor progression; (6) there were no observable differences in p21 expression between melanoma cells growing exponentially or in plateau phase, or between melanoma cells with or without ras mutations; nor were any cell kinetic differences found between cells with and without mutated ras genes.
|
2682463 |
1989 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
However, the analysis of the same DNAs for a different polymorphism based on the presence of additional TaqI sites in the variable tandem repeat region of HRAS1 showed that the total frequency of a group of allelic variants, named Tp, was significantly higher in melanoma patients than in normal donors.
|
2894003 |
1987 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Glutathione transferase P1-1 expression in human melanoma metastases: correlation to N-RAS mutations and expression.
|
7576742 |
1995 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
To evaluate whether N-RAS could directly modulate LAK susceptibility to lysis, N-RAS/61+ gene was transfected in two N-RAS wild type (N-RAS/61-) 665/2 melanoma clones by a cosmid vector.
|
8032213 |
1994 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Furthermore, IL-1 alpha, IL-6, and TNF-alpha could be detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the culture medium obtained from N-RAS/61+ melanoma clones as well as from positive transfectants, indicating that lymphokine mRNA expression triggered by the activated N-RAS oncogene lead to a secreted protein.
|
8062279 |
1994 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
CausalMutation
|
disease |
CLINVAR |
Ras mutations in human melanoma: a marker of malignant progression.
|
8120410 |
1994 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Tumors grown in SCID mice injected with human melanoma carrying activated N-ras genes were significantly larger (p < 0.004) than tumors grown in animals injected with the appropriate control transfectants.
|
8824554 |
1996 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
We have previously shown that mutations in the N-ras gene occur more frequently in melanomas originating from sun-exposed body sites, indicating that these mutations are UV induced.
|
10070891 |
1999 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
The increase in Bcl-2 expression mediated by mutated ras therefore qualifies as a rational explanation for the enhanced chemoresistance of human melanoma expressing mutated N-Ras.
|
10504052 |
1999 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
We searched for point mutations in the N-ras gene in a large series of primary and metastatic MM from 81 different retrospectively selected patients using the very sensitive denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis technique, followed by sequencing.
|
11406571 |
2001 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Mutations in the ras genes are key events in the process of carcinogenesis; in particular, point mutations in codon 61 of exon 2 of the N-ras gene occur frequently in cutaneous melanoma.
|
11886512 |
2001 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
LHGDN |
Regulation of Fas-mediated apoptosis by N-ras in melanoma.
|
12230495 |
2002 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
LHGDN |
Multiple activating NRAS mutations were detected in tumor cells from different regions of individual primary melanomas in nine patients.
|
12783933 |
2003 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Multiple activating NRAS mutations were detected in tumor cells from different regions of individual primary melanomas in nine patients.
|
12783933 |
2003 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Novel findings with respect to melanoma include a cell line possessing a 2 base-pair substitution in BRAF exon 11 and a case harboring mutations in both BRAF exon 11 and N-RAS exon 3.
|
12873990 |
2003 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
We analyzed exons 1, 11, and 15 of the BRAF gene and exons 1 and 2 of the N-ras gene for mutations in 38 metastatic melanomas by PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism and direct sequencing.
|
12960123 |
2003 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
No NRAS exon 1 mutations were detected in either type of melanoma.
|
14522897 |
2003 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Mutations in the N-ras gene in 11 melanomas were at codon 61 whereas two melanomas carried mutations in codon 12 including a tandem mutation GG>AA.
|
14681681 |
2003 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
We screened 85 melanoma samples for the most common B-RAF and N-RAS mutations found in melanoma using a site-directed mutagenesis-based detection technique.
|
14695143 |
2003 |
|
melanoma
|
0.700 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
LHGDN |
Previously, we analyzed a large series of paired primary and metastatic melanomas for NRAS codon 61 mutations and showed that they arise early and are preserved during tumor progression.
|
14695152 |
2003 |