|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
group |
BEFREE |
Eighty-one percent (13/16) of mesonephric carcinomas had either a KRAS (n=12) or NRAS (n=1) mutation.
|
26336887 |
2015 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
V600E mutation-negative carcinomas were more often sigmoid tumors and usually showed intact mismatch-repair proteins and KRAS or NRAS mutations.
|
24832158 |
2014 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
Whereas borderline tumors harbored BRAF/KRAS mutations, NRAS mutations were restricted to carcinomas, representing the first example of a Ras oncogene with an obligatory association with invasive serous cancer.
|
25316818 |
2014 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
The predominance of NRAS codon 61 mutations as a feature of carcinomas indicates that the diagnosis of adenoma alongside the presence of this mutation should be made cautiously.
|
22650231 |
2012 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
Activating point mutations of genes of the RAS family (KRAS, HRAS and NRAS genes) are frequently found in carcinomas, but their prevalence in sarcomas varies considerably among ethnic groups.
|
20150643 |
2010 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
RAS mutations in codon 61 were by far the most common genetic alteration in poorly differentiated carcinomas (23% of cases), with all mutation in NRAS except one in the HRAS gene.
|
19837916 |
2009 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
AlteredExpression
|
group |
BEFREE |
In addition, studies using effector loop mutants of activated NRAS provide evidence that mitogen-activated protein kinase activation alone cannot efficiently induce liver carcinomas.
|
16286660 |
2005 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
They support the implication of N2-RAS mutations in the malignant progression of thyroid follicular tumors and the assumption that some atypical adenomas are precursors of follicular carcinomas.
|
12788883 |
2003 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
AlteredExpression
|
group |
BEFREE |
No RAS alteration was detected in the group of 11 medullary thyroid carcinomas, while 3 of 31 (10.0%) papillary carcinomas, 2 of 5 (40%) follicular carcinomas, 8 of 44 (18.2%) poorly differentiated carcinomas, and 3 of 5 (60%) undifferentiated carcinomas showed an activation of N-RAS proto-oncogene.
|
10691309 |
2000 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
A series of molecular changes including loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 17p (TP53 gene), 13q (RB gene), 18q (DCC gene), and 9p21 (CDKN2a gene) chromosomal regions have been identified in dysplasias, carcinomas in situ, and invasive carcinomas of the gallbladder, whereas mutations in K- and N-ras genes are rare.
|
9923922 |
1999 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
Activating H-, K-, or N-Ras mutations are commonly detected in follicular adenomas and carcinomas of the thyroid gland.
|
10334566 |
1999 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
AlteredExpression
|
group |
BEFREE |
However, carcinomas demonstrating altered N-ras protein forms, in the absence of any K- or N-ras mutations, expressed significantly higher levels of cathepsin B and L activities compared with carcinomas with normal N-ras protein banding patterns.
|
9699522 |
1998 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
Alterations in N-ras protein mobility, possibly reflecting increased post-translational processing, were also detected in 42% of colon carcinomas.
|
9180144 |
1997 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
It was discovered that activating point mutations at codons 12, 13, and 61 of the Ki-, Ha-, and N-ras genes do not play a part in the development of early gastric carcinomas in white subjects, irrespective of Lauren type.
|
8537044 |
1995 |
|
Carcinoma
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
Analysis of HPV-positive and -negative vulvar carcinomas for alterations in c-myc, Ha-, Ki-, and N-ras genes.
|
8175026 |
1994 |