Cytokines of the Interleukin (IL)-12 family, consisting of IL-12, IL-23, IL-27 and IL-35, are important regulators in (chronic) inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, but also in cardiovascular diseases.
Besides Th17- and Treg-associated cytokines, elevated expression of IL-27/IL-23 cytokines might also be responsible for increased disease severity in female patients with RA.
Cytokine-mediated processes such as the activation of T helper 2 cells by IL-4 and IL-13, the resolution of inflammation by IL-9, IL-5-induced eosinophil expansion, IL-33-mediated macrophage polarization, the production of IL-10 by regulatory B cells and IL-27-mediated suppression of lymphoid follicle formation are all involved in governing the regulation and resolution of inflammation in RA.
IL-17 and IL-27 levels were measured by ELISA in mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs) and in synovial fluid (SF) macrophages from RA patients.
The aim of this review is to highlight the potential areas of IL-27 clinical application, especially the management of neoplastic and viral diseases as well as autoimmune disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis.
Our results therefore provide a new insight into the IL-27-activated immunopathological mechanisms mediated by distinct intracellular signal transductions in joint inflammation of RA.
Sections of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis synovia expressed similar patterns of c19orf10 distribution with perivascular and synovial lining staining.