|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
AlteredExpression
|
group |
BEFREE |
Based on the evidence of mammalian target of rapamycin mTORC, mTOR Complex; RAS, Rat sarcoma; RAF, rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (mTOR) pathway activation in the tumor, targeted therapy was applied resulting in complete remission of disease.
|
26626406 |
2016 |
|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
group |
BEFREE |
Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) plays a critical role in tumor development by regulating cell functions such as invasion, apoptosis and differentiation.
|
25329396 |
2014 |
|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
Small molecule ATP-competitive RAF kinase inhibitors have potent antitumour effects on mutant BRAF(V600E) tumours but, in contrast to mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors, are not potent against RAS mutant tumour models, despite RAF functioning as a key effector downstream of RAS and upstream of MEK.
|
20130576 |
2010 |
|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
<b>Purpose:</b> MAPK pathway inhibitors targeting BRAF and MEK have shown clinical efficacy in patients with RAF- and/or RAS-mutated tumors.
|
29760222 |
2018 |
|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
AlteredExpression
|
group |
BEFREE |
On the other hand, LErafAON treatment led to >75% inhibition of Raf-1 expression in tumor tissue.
|
15067340 |
2004 |
|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
group |
BEFREE |
c-raf-1 depletion and tumor responses in patients treated with the c-raf-1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide ISIS 5132 (CGP 69846A).
|
10632328 |
1999 |
|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
group |
BEFREE |
Our results support further development of inhibitors like RAF709, which represents a next-generation RAF inhibitor with unique biochemical and cellular properties that enables antitumor activities in RAS-mutant tumors.<b>Significance:</b> In an effort to develop RAF inhibitors with the appropriate pharmacological properties to treat RAS mutant tumors, RAF709, a compound with potency, selectivity, and <i>in vivo</i> properties, was developed that will allow preclinical therapeutic hypothesis testing, but also provide an excellent probe to further unravel the complexities of RAF kinase signaling.<i></i>.
|
29343524 |
2018 |
|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
AlteredExpression
|
group |
BEFREE |
B-RAF over-expression was verified by qPCR in pT1, grade III tumors vs. their normal counterparts (p = 0.016). qPCR revealed a significant RKIP reduction in TCC vs. normal tissue (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001 for T1, grade II and Ta-T1, grade III, respectively); All RAF genes were positively correlated among each other (A-RAF/B-RAF, p = 0.003; A-RAF/RAF-1, p < 0.001; B-RAF/RAF-1, p = 0.050), whereas B-RAF was negatively correlated with RKIP in TCC (p = 0.050).
|
20853079 |
2011 |
|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
group |
BEFREE |
Sorafenib is a small molecular inhibitor of intracellular tyrosine and serine/threonine protein kinases (VEGFR, PDGFR, CRAF and BRAF), and is thought also to induce autophagy, a chief mechanism influencing tumor growth.
|
26648069 |
2016 |
|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
Western blot analysis of blast cells from patients with C-RAF germline mutations revealed loss of the tumor and metastasis suppressor RAF kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP).
|
19357705 |
2009 |
|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
group |
BEFREE |
In the current study, we compared the frequencies of genetic and epigenetic alterations of the RAS-RAF and Wnt signaling pathways in flat-type and protruded-type tumors.
|
17183069 |
2007 |
|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
group |
BEFREE |
In this article, we review the novel tumor suppressor Ras-association domain family protein isoform 1A (RASSF1A), which strongly inhibits the prohypertrophic Ras-Raf1-ERK1/2 pathway in the heart.
|
20447568 |
2009 |
|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
group |
BEFREE |
Parallel analysis of constitutional and tumor DNAs in informative tumors revealed that all patients retained heterozygosity in their tumor DNA at the D3S2 and RAF1 loci.
|
7522539 |
1994 |
|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
AlteredExpression
|
group |
BEFREE |
Here, we demonstrate that ablation of c-RAF expression in advanced tumors driven by Kras<sup>G12V</sup>/Trp53 mutations leads to significant tumor regression with no detectable appearance of resistance mechanisms.
|
29395869 |
2018 |
|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
AlteredExpression
|
group |
BEFREE |
Here, we report that combined ablation of EGFR and c-RAF expression results in complete regression of a significant percentage of PDAC tumors driven by Kras/Trp53 mutations in genetically engineered mice.
|
30975481 |
2019 |
|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
group |
BEFREE |
Among seven proto-oncogenes tested, changes in the copy number of Ha-ras, c-myc and c-raf-1 were found in only seven tumors.
|
2167142 |
1990 |
|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
group |
BEFREE |
Finally, the cumulative data on the critical role of Raf-1 in signal transduction and the occurrence of oncogenic Raf-1 in tumors [32-41] highlight this enzyme as an attractive target for development of novel anticancer regimens.
|
8451761 |
1993 |
|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
AlteredExpression
|
group |
BEFREE |
These results suggest that normal human cells have redundant arrest pathways, which can be activated by Raf-1, and that even tumors that have dismantled p16(Ink4a)-dependent growth arrest pathways are potentially regulated by a second p21(Cip1)-dependent growth arrest pathway.
|
11278920 |
2001 |
|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
group |
BEFREE |
Targeted therapy for metastatic colorectal carcinoma consists of anti-EGFR therapy for patients with RAS/RAF wild-type tumors.
|
26660078 |
2016 |
|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
group |
BEFREE |
Tumour micro-environment elicits innate resistance to RAF inhibitors through HGF secretion.
|
22763439 |
2012 |
|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
AlteredExpression
|
group |
BEFREE |
Phosphoethanolamine induces caspase-independent cell death by reducing the expression of C-RAF and inhibits tumor growth in human melanoma model.
|
29635124 |
2018 |
|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
group |
BEFREE |
Inhibition of Raf-1 with siRNA technique could inhibit growth of the tumor graft and reduce angiogenesis in nude mice, which probably caused by downregulation of pro-angiogenesis molecules, such as VEGF and HIF-1alpha.Taken together, our findings indicate that specific Raf-1 targeting may have important therapeutic values for cancer therapy, and that individual Raf-1 may be a useful target in developing angiogenic inhibitors.
|
19029826 |
2009 |
|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
Several allosteric mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) inhibitors, aimed at treating tumors with RAS/RAF pathway alterations, are in clinical development.
|
22402123 |
2012 |
|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
group |
BEFREE |
All of these tumors were also genotyped for specific point mutational damage affecting p53 (exons 5, 7, and 8; with ACs additionally sequenced for p53 exon 6); 13 tumors for K-ras-2 (exon 1); and 31 tumors for c-raf-1 (exon 15) growth-regulatory genes.
|
8623922 |
1996 |
|
Neoplasms
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
group |
BEFREE |
RAS/RAF mutations and MSI status in CRC are closely associated with tumor location and ethnicity.
|
30359964 |
2018 |