Source: ALL
Disease Score gda Association Type Type Original DB Sentence supporting the association PMID PMID Year
CUI: C0025202
Disease: melanoma
melanoma
0.500 GeneticVariation disease BEFREE Specific mutations of RAF kinases, such as the prevalent BRAF(V600E) mutation in melanoma, or defects in upstream signaling or feedback loops cause decoupled kinase activities which lead to tumorigenesis. 28466200 2019
CUI: C0025202
Disease: melanoma
melanoma
0.500 Biomarker disease BEFREE Recent clinical and therapeutic success with RAF and MEK1/2 inhibitors has revolutionized the existing treatment schemes for previously incurable cancers like melanomas. 31662208 2019
CUI: C0025202
Disease: melanoma
melanoma
0.500 GeneticVariation disease BEFREE Malignant melanoma with areas of rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation arising in a giant congenital nevus with RAF1 gene fusion. 30945443 2019
CUI: C0025202
Disease: melanoma
melanoma
0.500 GeneticVariation disease BEFREE Hyperactivation of MAPK Signaling Is Deleterious to RAS/RAF-mutant Melanoma. 30201825 2019
CUI: C0025202
Disease: melanoma
melanoma
0.500 AlteredExpression disease BEFREE Targeted inhibition of RAF and MEK by molecularly targeted agents has been employed as a strategy to block aberrant mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in melanoma. 30622172 2019
CUI: C0025202
Disease: melanoma
melanoma
0.500 Biomarker disease BEFREE Resistance to the RAF inhibitor vemurafenib arises commonly in melanomas driven by the activated BRAF oncogene. 29343524 2018
CUI: C0025202
Disease: melanoma
melanoma
0.500 Biomarker disease BEFREE Reduced RB abundance, in turn, impairs E2F1 transcriptional inhibition, leading to increased peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase never-in-mitosis A (NIMA)-interacting 1 (PIN1) levels, human keratinocyte neoplastic cell transformation, and melanoma tumorigenesis via enhanced rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma 1(RAF1)-MEK-ERK signaling pathway activation. 29750576 2018
CUI: C0025202
Disease: melanoma
melanoma
0.500 Biomarker disease BEFREE However, first-generation RAF inhibitors approved for adult melanoma have poor blood-brain penetrance and are only effective on tumors that express the canonical BRAFV600E oncoprotein, which functions as a monomer. 28082416 2017
CUI: C0025202
Disease: melanoma
melanoma
0.500 GeneticVariation disease BEFREE The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved second-generation RAF inhibitors vemurafenib and dabrafenib have elicited remarkable responses and improved survival of patients with BRAF-V600E/K melanoma, but their effectiveness is limited by resistance. 28984291 2017
CUI: C0025202
Disease: melanoma
melanoma
0.500 Biomarker disease BEFREE Despite low activity at tolerable doses, this study provides a framework for the development of pan-RAF inhibitors and modulators of angiogenesis for the treatment of melanoma. 28719152 2017
CUI: C0025202
Disease: melanoma
melanoma
0.500 Biomarker disease BEFREE Kinase inhibitors targeting RAF or MEK are already used for the treatment of certain cancers, such as melanoma. 28740606 2017
CUI: C0025202
Disease: melanoma
melanoma
0.500 Biomarker disease BEFREE With the recent development of novel molecular targeted drugs for advanced stage malignant melanoma (MM), including RAF and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint blockers, the early detection of relapse is important for managing patients with MM. 27786364 2017
CUI: C0025202
Disease: melanoma
melanoma
0.500 Biomarker disease BEFREE MAPK and Hippo signaling pathways crosstalk via the RAF-1/MST-2 interaction in malignant melanoma. 28677804 2017
CUI: C0025202
Disease: melanoma
melanoma
0.500 Biomarker disease BEFREE These results reveal specific and compensatory functions for BRAF and CRAF and highlight an addiction to RAF signalling in NRAS-driven melanoma. 28497782 2017
CUI: C0025202
Disease: melanoma
melanoma
0.500 Biomarker disease BEFREE Protein Kinase CK2α Maintains Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase (ERK) Activity in a CK2α Kinase-independent Manner to Promote Resistance to Inhibitors of RAF and MEK but Not ERK in BRAF Mutant Melanoma. 27226552 2016
CUI: C0025202
Disease: melanoma
melanoma
0.500 Biomarker disease BEFREE RAF inhibitors represent the emerging standard of care for metastatic BRAF mutated melanomas. 25296968 2016
CUI: C0025202
Disease: melanoma
melanoma
0.500 GeneticVariation disease BEFREE Ongoing studies include combinations of CDK4/6 inhibitors with endocrine therapy and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway inhibitors for hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancers, and with selective RAF and MEK inhibitors for tumors with alterations in the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway such as melanoma. 27017286 2016
CUI: C0025202
Disease: melanoma
melanoma
0.500 Biomarker disease BEFREE Thus, CRAF is a bona fide alternative oncogene for BRAF/NRAS/GNAQ/GNA11 wild type melanomas. 27273450 2016
CUI: C0025202
Disease: melanoma
melanoma
0.500 Biomarker disease BEFREE Drugs that inhibit RAF/MEK signaling, such as vemurafenib, elicit profound but often temporary anti-tumor responses in patients with BRAF(V) (600E) melanoma. 25814555 2015
CUI: C0025202
Disease: melanoma
melanoma
0.500 AlteredExpression disease BEFREE Combination of pan-RAF and MEK inhibitors in NRAS mutant melanoma. 25645078 2015
CUI: C0025202
Disease: melanoma
melanoma
0.500 GeneticVariation disease BEFREE RAF inhibitors are an effective therapy for patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma and brain metastasis. 25956405 2015
CUI: C0025202
Disease: melanoma
melanoma
0.500 GeneticVariation disease BEFREE Although RAF inhibitor monotherapy is highly effective in BRAF-mutant melanoma, response rates in BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer are poor. 25673644 2015
CUI: C0025202
Disease: melanoma
melanoma
0.500 Biomarker disease BEFREE Here, we summarize and evaluate the human relevance of various RAF and RAS mouse melanoma models and their contribution to our understanding of melanoma. 24342721 2015
CUI: C0025202
Disease: melanoma
melanoma
0.500 Biomarker disease BEFREE Furthermore, the combination of pan-RAF and MEK inhibitors displayed strong synergy in melanoma and colorectal cancer cell lines with RAS-activating events such as RTK activation, KRAS mutation, or NF1 loss-of-function mutations. 26351322 2015
CUI: C0025202
Disease: melanoma
melanoma
0.500 Biomarker disease BEFREE Direct inhibition of RAS is not yet possible, whereas inhibition of RAF is already established in malignant melanoma and under investigation in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). 25801412 2015