Some SAID-associated genes are located in chromosome 16, including familial Mediterranean fever gene (MEFV) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 [NOD2] gene that are linked to Crohn's disease, Blau syndrome, and Yao syndrome.
However, NOD2 transcript level and basal p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity were significantly elevated in PBMCs from IVS8<sup>+158</sup> YAOS patients.
Yao syndrome (YAOS), formerly named NOD2-associated autoinflammatory disease, is a periodic disease characterized by fever, dermatitis, polyarthritis, distal extremity swelling, and gastrointestinal and sicca-like symptoms associated with specific NOD2 sequence variants.
The characteristic clinical phenotype, notably dermatitis, coupled with certain NOD2 variants constitutes a new autoinflammatory disease entity, which we have named as NOD2-associated autoinflammatory disease.
The NOD2 variants located in the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) region are susceptible to Crohn disease, and the variants in the nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and in between the NBD and LRR are associated with Blau syndrome and NAID, respectively.