Moreover, RRAD inhibited hepatoma cell aerobic glycolysis by negatively regulating the expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and hexokinase II (HK-II).
MTT proliferation assays carried out using stable, Glut-1 overexpressing cell lines generated from the bladder EJ138, human fibrosarcoma HT 1080 and the hepatoma wild type Hepa and HIF-1B-deficient c4 tumour cell lines revealed a cell line-dependent increase in chemoresistance to dacarbazine, vincristine and the bioreductive agent EO9 in Glut-1 overexpressing EJ138 relative to WT and empty vector controls.
In liver metastatic lesions, the GLUT3 and GLUT5 gene expression levels were significantly higher than those in primary lung tumors, but there were no differences in GLUT1 expression levels between primary and metastatic liver tumors.
GLUT-1, whose sequence was originally deduced from cDNAs cloned from human hepatoma and rat brain, is present at high levels in primate erythrocytes and brain endothelial cells.