The present study aimed to explore the correlation between cytokine expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‑α), interleukin (IL)‑8 and IL‑10 with occludin production, abdominal symptoms and psychological factors in patients with irritable bowel syndrome‑associated diarrhea (IBS‑D).
Since tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α is responsible for the pathogenesis of NEMO colitis according to intestinal NEMO and additional TNFR1 knockout mice studies, and high levels of TNFα-producing mononuclear cells were detected in the patient due to the unexpected gene reversion mosaicism of NEMO, an anti-TNFα monoclonal antibody was administered to ameliorate his abdominal symptoms.