To study how GB virus C (GBV-C) coinfection affects the response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), 146 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients were tested for GBV-C RNA and antibodies against GBV-C E2 protein, and responses to HAART were evaluated.
Two non-pathogenic scaffolds (represented by the filamentous bacteriophage fd and the dihydrolipoyl acetyltransferase E2 protein of the Bacillus stearothermophilus pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex) able to deliver human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 antigenic determinants, were designed in our laboratories and investigated in controlled assay conditions.