Nuclear grade, RGS5 expression, and EpCAM expression were significantly higher in the PD-L1-positive HCC group compared with the PD-L1-negative HCC group (P<0.05).
Immunohistochemical staining for RGS5 in 60 HCC cases demonstrated that RGS5 protein levels were higher in cancerous tissue compared with paired noncancerous tissue in 63.3% of HCC cases.
Studies conducted to localize the protein products of these genes by immunohistochemical staining of tissue arrays with up to 350 cores of tissues, and by in situ hybridization led to the discovery of novel sinusoidal endothelial cell markers in hepatocellular carcinoma: podocalyxin-like and regulator of G protein signaling-5.