Minor allele homozygous genotypes at rs867637 (9,046 bp 3' of STP A>G), rs3771300 (IVS24-153T>G), and rs2280235 (IVS20-103G>A), compared with their homozygote genotypes of common alleles, were associated with 1.6- (95% CI 1.1-2.3), 1.6- (95% CI 1.1-2.4), and 1.4-fold (95% CI 0.95-1.9) increased risk of HCC, respectively.
In vitro and in vivo experiments using hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and breast cancer cells showed that expression of a CIP4(T225E) phosphomimetic mutant increased cancer cell metastatic capacity and that, conversely, expression of a CIP4(T225A) non-phosphorylatable mutant reduced invasive properties.