We describe a girl born to consanguineous Pakistani parents with clinical and biochemical features of FGD who is homozygous for the R146H mutation of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) receptor gene.
This proband inherited another missense mutation from her father (Glu-188-Gly). c) A missense mutation (G-7016-A; Asp-80-Asn) was observed in a single patient with AN who also harboured the 9bp insertion on a paternally derived haplotype. d) The allelic co-occurence of two silent mutations (C-6982-T and C-7285-T) was detected in two obese subjects. e) Two further silent mutations (C-3832-T; C-7111-G) were detected in an underweight and an obese subject, respectively.
This proband inherited another missense mutation from her father (Glu-188-Gly). c) A missense mutation (G-7016-A; Asp-80-Asn) was observed in a single patient with AN who also harboured the 9bp insertion on a paternally derived haplotype. d) The allelic co-occurence of two silent mutations (C-6982-T and C-7285-T) was detected in two obese subjects. e) Two further silent mutations (C-3832-T; C-7111-G) were detected in an underweight and an obese subject, respectively.
This proband inherited another missense mutation from her father (Glu-188-Gly). c) A missense mutation (G-7016-A; Asp-80-Asn) was observed in a single patient with AN who also harboured the 9bp insertion on a paternally derived haplotype. d) The allelic co-occurence of two silent mutations (C-6982-T and C-7285-T) was detected in two obese subjects. e) Two further silent mutations (C-3832-T; C-7111-G) were detected in an underweight and an obese subject, respectively.
This proband inherited another missense mutation from her father (Glu-188-Gly). c) A missense mutation (G-7016-A; Asp-80-Asn) was observed in a single patient with AN who also harboured the 9bp insertion on a paternally derived haplotype. d) The allelic co-occurence of two silent mutations (C-6982-T and C-7285-T) was detected in two obese subjects. e) Two further silent mutations (C-3832-T; C-7111-G) were detected in an underweight and an obese subject, respectively.
These results suggest that the R236G mutation may confer an inherited susceptibility to obesity through the production of an aberrant fusion protein that has the capacity to interfere with central melanocortin signalling.
A first case of variant c.149 A>G (H50R) was found in a patient with an extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma, the other variant c.34 G>A (G12S) in a patient with a paratracheal paraganglioma, C-cell hyperplasia of the thyroid and hyperplasia of ACTH-producing cells of the pituitary gland.
A first case of variant c.149 A>G (H50R) was found in a patient with an extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma, the other variant c.34 G>A (G12S) in a patient with a paratracheal paraganglioma, C-cell hyperplasia of the thyroid and hyperplasia of ACTH-producing cells of the pituitary gland.
For the S120R, V142L, and A233P mutated MC2-R, cAMP production curves were similar to that obtained with M3 parental cells, confirming that these mutations are responsible for the FGD in the affected patients.
A first case of variant c.149 A>G (H50R) was found in a patient with an extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma, the other variant c.34 G>A (G12S) in a patient with a paratracheal paraganglioma, C-cell hyperplasia of the thyroid and hyperplasia of ACTH-producing cells of the pituitary gland.
A first case of variant c.149 A>G (H50R) was found in a patient with an extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma, the other variant c.34 G>A (G12S) in a patient with a paratracheal paraganglioma, C-cell hyperplasia of the thyroid and hyperplasia of ACTH-producing cells of the pituitary gland.
The D103N-mutated MC2-R had an impaired cAMP response to physiological doses of ACTH, but the maximal response at very high concentrations of ACTH was similar to that obtained for the wild-type MC2-R. All these results demonstrated clear relationships based on functional studies between MC2-R homozygous mutations and FGD phenotype.
By CYP21 gene analysis, we identified a chimeric CYP21P/CYP21 gene with the fusion breakpoint downstream of the common P30L mutation as well as a GCC to ACC change at codon 15 (A15T) in two subjects with classical CAH and a CCC to TCC change at codon 482 (P482S) in seven subjects referred for nonclassical CAH, precocious pubarche, menstrual irregularities, or hypertrichosis.
By CYP21 gene analysis, we identified a chimeric CYP21P/CYP21 gene with the fusion breakpoint downstream of the common P30L mutation as well as a GCC to ACC change at codon 15 (A15T) in two subjects with classical CAH and a CCC to TCC change at codon 482 (P482S) in seven subjects referred for nonclassical CAH, precocious pubarche, menstrual irregularities, or hypertrichosis.
By CYP21 gene analysis, we identified a chimeric CYP21P/CYP21 gene with the fusion breakpoint downstream of the common P30L mutation as well as a GCC to ACC change at codon 15 (A15T) in two subjects with classical CAH and a CCC to TCC change at codon 482 (P482S) in seven subjects referred for nonclassical CAH, precocious pubarche, menstrual irregularities, or hypertrichosis.
The R151C, R160W and D294H alleles, designated 'R', are strongly associated with the RHC phenotype and have been proposed to result in loss of function receptors due to impaired G-protein coupling.
These results show that a) the R236G substitution of POMC gene, although not a major cause of obesity among Italian obese children and adolescents, is associated with early onset obesity, and that b) inherited alterations of the melanocortin signaling pathway, independently of the degree of obesity, do not preclude the possibility to lose weight in mutated individuals following a hypocaloric diet.