The results of this study indicate that the use of 8 genetic polymorphisms associated with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and type 2 diabetes [<i>PTGS2</i> (<i>COX2</i>) rs6681231, <i>FADS1</i> rs174550, <i>HNF1B</i> rs4430796, <i>ADIPOQ</i> rs266729, <i>IL18</i> rs187238, <i>CCL2</i> rs1024611, <i>HHEX</i> rs5015480 and <i>CDKN2A/2B</i> rs10811661] together with clinical risk factors (BMI and age) may significantly improve the prediction of GDM.
Compared with controls (men and women combined), GDM was associated with rs7756992 and rs7754840 (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.34-1.79, p = 4.17 x 10(-9)) in CDKAL1; rs10811661 (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.29-1.72, p = 1.05 x 10(-7)) in the CDKN2A-CDKN2B region; rs1111875 (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.09-1.49, p = 0.003), rs5015480, and rs7923837 in HHEX; rs4402960 (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.01-1.38, p = 0.03) in IGF2BP2; rs13266634 (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.07-1.43, p = 0.005) in SLC30A8; and rs7903146 (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.03-2.43, p = 0.038) in TCF7L2.
Of 45 SNPs, three genetic variants were nominally associated with the development of GDM: rs266729 (p = 0.013, odds ratio [OR]: 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10-2.23) in ADIPOQ, rs10811661 (p = 0.035, OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.03-2.08) in CDKN2A/2B, and rs9505118 (p = 0.046, OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.01-1.97) in SSR1-RREB1.