We found that all studied polymorphisms were individually associated with increased overall cancer risks, as shown by ORs (95% CIs) below: the Lys939Gln (Gln/Gln vs. Lys/Lys: OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.08-1.79; recessive model: OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.11-1.83; and allele comparing: OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.003-1.24), the Ala499Val (Val/Val vs. Ala/Ala: OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.19-2.79; recessive model: OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.18-2.46; and allele comparing: OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.01-1.50), and the PAT-/+ (+/+ vs. -/-: OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.03-1.79 and recessive model: OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.06-1.70).
Likewise, Ala499Val was also significantly associated with an increased overall cancer risk (Val/Val vs. Ala/Ala: OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.07 - 1.36, p = 0.003 and recessive model: OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.08 - 1.34, p = 0.001) and further stratification showed an increased risk for breast and bladder cancer, particularly in Asian populations.
Several polymorphisms (Lys(939)Gln, PAT+/- and Ala(499)Val) in the DNA nuclear excision repair gene xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) are thought to have significant effects on cancer risk.
The results for Ala499Val showed a significant overall increase in cancer risk (OR 1.15; 95% CI: 1.02-1.31), and for bladder cancer in both the simple genetic model (Ala/Ala vs Val/Val) (OR 1.30; 95% CI: 1.04-1.61) and the recessive genetic model (Ala/Ala+Ala/Val vs Val/Val) (OR 1.32; 95% CI: 1.06-1.63).